Armed robots take to the battlefield in Ukraine war

Armed Robots Take to the Battlefield in Ukraine War

Since Russia launched its full-scale invasion, the conflict in Ukraine has transformed into a tech-driven war. Aerial drones, both for reconnaissance and strikes, have dominated the skies, while unmanned boats have disrupted the Russian navy in the Black Sea. Now, Ukraine is expanding its use of autonomous ground systems, marking a significant shift in modern warfare.

Uncrewed ground vehicles (UGVs) are being deployed in large numbers, according to military officials. These robots, referred to as “ground robot systems” by Ukrainian forces, have already demonstrated effectiveness on the front lines. Reports indicate they have successfully intercepted Russian assaults and captured enemy personnel. In some instances, the machines have engaged in combat without human involvement, signaling the beginning of robotic clashes.

“Robot wars are already happening,” says Oleksandr Afanasiev, a commander in Ukraine’s K2 brigade. He oversees the country’s first dedicated UGV battalion, which has integrated machine guns into its operations. “These robots are willing to take risks where a soldier might hesitate,” he explains.

One tactic involves equipping UGVs with Kalashnikov machine guns, allowing them to target enemy positions from a distance. Meanwhile, explosive-laden “kamikaze” robots are used to destroy fortified areas. Unlike overhead drones, these ground units operate silently, reducing the chance of detection.

“Modern UGVs are semi-autonomous, capable of movement and enemy detection, but the decision to fire remains with their human operators,” says Afghan, a deputy commander in the 33rd Detached Mechanised Brigade. “Robots can misidentify targets, which is why a person must make the final call.”

These unmanned systems are also used for logistical purposes, such as transporting supplies and rescuing injured troops. However, their role is expected to expand rapidly. Valerii Zaluzhnyi, Ukraine’s former top military leader and current UK ambassador, predicts the use of AI-powered drone swarms will revolutionize combat. “Soon, we’ll see hundreds of autonomous drones attacking from multiple fronts—air, land, and sea,” he states.

The push for innovation is driven by the need to protect human lives. With drones extending the “kill zone” up to 20-25km from the front lines, soldiers are increasingly exposed. “Infantry cannot be replaced, but they must be supported by UGVs,” says Maj Afanasiev. “Ukraine can afford to lose machines, not its battle-ready troops.”

Manpower shortages have intensified, making robotic support essential. Russia, too, is developing its own UGVs, such as the Kuryer, which features a flame-thrower and tank-mounted weaponry. These systems can operate autonomously for five hours, according to Russian media. Additionally, the Lyagushka (“Frog”) vehicles are used to target Ukrainian strongholds.

As both sides enhance their robotic capabilities, clashes between Ukrainian and Russian UGVs are inevitable. Yuriy Poritsky, CEO of Devdroid—the company that supplied hundreds of “strike droids” to the Ukrainian military—notes this trend. “We’ll eventually face off against each other’s machines on the battlefield,” he says. “Robot wars may sound like science fiction, but they’re our reality now.”